作者：孟毅1，2，张玲1，李嘉佳2，张雨2

单位：

1.100069北京市，首都医科大学公共卫生学院　2.102401北京市房山区疾病预防控制中心

Units：

1.School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China2.Fangshan District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102401, China

关键词：

高血压；青少年；北京；房山区；影响因素分析

Keywords：

Hypertension; Adolescent; Beijing; Fangshan district; Root cause analysis

CLC：

DOI：

10.12114/j.issn.1008-5971.2022.00.235

Funds：

首都卫生发展科研专项项目（首发2020-3-7071）

摘要：

目的　分析北京市房山区青少年高血压检出率及其影响因素。方法　2020年12月至2021年6月采用分层整群抽样法从北京市房山区45所中学中抽取11所初中、3所高中、3所完全中学（初高中一贯制）共17所学校的所有在校学生8 379例为调查对象。采用自行设计的最终调查问卷对受试者进行调查，并对其进行体格检查。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨北京市房山区青少年发生高血压的影响因素。结果　共发放问卷8 379份，回收有效问卷8 119份，有效回收率为96.90%。高血压检出率为3.20%（260/8 119）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别〔男性：OR =1.802，95%CI （1.348，2.410）〕、年龄〔15~16岁：OR =2.761，95%CI （1.507，5.059）；17~18岁：OR =2.637，95%CI （1.297，5.364）〕、父亲患有高血压〔OR =1.475，95%CI （1.059，2.055）〕、独生子女〔OR =1.493，95%CI（1.104，2.020）〕、父亲受教育程度〔初中、中专及高中：OR =0.533，95%CI （0.322，0.885）；大专及以上：OR =0.483，95%CI （0.279，0.838）〕、体质量情况〔超重：OR =1.886，95%CI （1.055，3.373）；肥胖：OR =6.755，95%CI （3.630，12.569）〕是青少年发生高血压的影响因素（P ＜0.05）。结论　北京市房山区青少年高血压检出率为3.20%；男性、15~18岁、父亲患有高血压、独生子女、超重、肥胖是青少年发生高血压的危险因素，而父亲受教育程度为初中及以上是青少年发生高血压的保护因素。

Abstract：

Objective　To investigate the detection rate and influencing factors of hypertension among adolescents inFangshan district of Beijing. Methods　From December 2020 to June 2021, 8 379 students from 17 schools including 11 juniorhigh schools, 3 senior high schools and 3 complete middle schools (junior high and senior high school) from 45 middle schoolsin Fangshan district of Beijing were selected by stratified cluster sampling method. The subjects were investigated with a selfdesignedfinal questionnaire and underwent physical examination. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore theinfluencing factors of hypertension among adolescents in Fangshan district of Beijing. Results　A total of 8 379 questionnaireswere distributed and 8 119 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.90%. The detection rate ofhypertension was 3.20% (260/8 119) . Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that，gender [male: OR =1.802, 95%CI(1.348, 2.410) ] , age [15-16 years old: OR =2.761, 95%CI (1.507, 5.059) ; 17-18 years old: OR =2.637, 95%CI (1.297, 5.364) ] ,father with hypertension [OR =1.475, 95%CI (1.059, 2.055) ] , only child [OR =1.493, 95%CI (1.104, 2.020) ] , father's educationlevel [junior high school, technical secondary school and senior high school: OR =0.533, 95%CI (0.322, 0.885) ; college or above:OR =0.483, 95%CI (0.279, 0.838) ] , body mass [overweight: OR =1.886, 95%CI (1.055, 3.373) ; obesity: OR =6.755, 95%CI(3.630, 12.569) ] were the influencing factors of hypertension among adolescents (P < 0.05) . Conclusion　The detection rate ofhypertension among adolescents in Fangshan district of Beijing was 3.20%. Male, 15-18 years old, father with hypertension, only child, overweight and obesity are risk factors for hypertension among adolescents, while father's education level of junior highschool or above are protective factor for hypertension among adolescents.

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