作者：黄文婷，王涛，王琼萍，陈素玲，龙亮

单位：

518106广东省深圳市，中国科学院大学深圳医院（光明）呼吸与危重症医学科 通信作者：王涛，E-mail：y9f927@163.com

Units：

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenzhen 518106, China Corresponding author: WANG Tao, E-mail: y9f927@163.com

关键词：

哮喘; 成年人; 危险因素;

Keywords：

Asthma; Adult; Risk factors

CLC：

DOI：

10.12114/j.issn.1008-5971.2022.00.042

Funds：

广东省科技计划项目（2019ZC0014）；广东省医学科研基金项目（C2019014）；深圳市光明区软科学研究项目（2021R01104）

摘要：

背景哮喘为临床常见病,据调查哮喘患者中有5%～10%为重症哮喘患者,且重症哮喘是患者死亡的重要原因。但关于重症哮喘的研究资料较少,这很大程度上可能与目前国际上对于重症哮喘的定义尚未完全统一有关,重症哮喘的危险因素也尚未完全明确。目的 调查成人重症哮喘发病情况并分析其危险因素。方法 选择2018年2月至2020年7月在中国科学院大学深圳医院(光明)接受治疗的哮喘患者429例为调查对象。根据重症哮喘发生情况将患者分为重症哮喘组与非重症哮喘组。采用自制一般资料问卷对患者进行调查,采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨成人重症哮喘的影响因素。结果 共发放问卷429份,回收有效问卷421份,有效回收率为98.14%。在421例患者中共41例(9.74%)为重症哮喘。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄增长〔OR=1.534,95%CI(1.089,2.162)〕、有吸烟史〔OR=1.435,95%CI(1.036,1.986)〕、有过敏史〔OR=1.438,95%CI(1.032,2.002)〕、家庭1年内装修〔OR=1.571,95%CI(1.087,2.272)〕、家中使用地毯〔OR=1.608,95%CI(1.095,2.361)〕、饲养宠物〔OR=1.550,95%CI(1.098,2.188)〕及家中种养花草〔OR=1.556,95%CI(1.091,2.218)〕为成人重症哮喘的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 9.74%的成人哮喘患者为重症哮喘,年龄增长、有吸烟史、有过敏史、家庭1年内装修、家中使用地毯、饲养宠物及家中种养花草是成人重症哮喘的危险因素,临床应注意对上述因素进行干预以降低重症哮喘的发病率。

Abstract：

【Abstract】　Background Asthma is a common clinical disease. According to the survey, 5% to 10% of asthmapatients are severe asthma, and severe asthma is an important cause of death in patients. However, there are few research data onsevere asthma, which may be largely related to the fact that the current international definition of severe asthma is not completelyconsistent, and the risk factors of severe asthma are not completely clear. Objective To investigate the incidence of adultpatients with severe asthma and its risk factors. Methods A total of 429 patients with asthma who were treated in ShenzhenHospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences from February 2018 to July 2020 were selected as the subjects. The patientswere divided into severe asthma group and non-severe asthma group according to the occurrence of severe asthma. The patientswere investigated with self-made general information questionnaire. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explorethe influencing factors of adult patients with severe asthma. Results A total of 429 questionnaires were distributed and 421valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.14%. Among 421 patients, 41 (9.74%) were severeasthma. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that: age increased [OR=1.534, 95%CI (1.089, 2.162) ] , historyof smoking [OR=1.435, 95%CI (1.036, 1.986) ] , history of allergy [OR=1.438, 95%CI (1.032, 2.002) ] , home decoration within1 year [OR=1.571, 95%CI (1.087, 2.272) ] , carpet used at home [OR=1.608, 95%CI (1.095, 2.361) ] , pets [OR=1.550, 95%CI(1.098, 2.188) ] and home planting of flowers and plants [OR=1.556, 95%CI (1.091, 2.218) ] were risk factors of adult patientswith severe asthma (P <0.05) . Conclusion 9.74% of adult patients with asthma are sever asthma. The increasing age, havingsmoking history, having allergy history, home decoration within one year, home use of carpets, pets, and planting flowers and plantsin home are risk factors of adult patients with severe asthma. Clinical intervention should be paid attention to the above factors toreduce the incidence of severe asthma.

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