作者：张晓俊1 ，王鑫丽 1 ，王炎强 2 ，耿德勤 3 ，李雪梅 2

单位：

1.261031 山东省潍坊市，潍坊医学院　；2.261031 山东省潍坊市，潍坊医学院附属医院神经内二科　；3.221002 江苏省徐州市，徐州医科大学附属医院神经内科；通信作者：王炎强，E-mail：Wangqiangdoctor@126.com

Units：

1.Weifang Medical College，Weifang 261031，China；2.The Second Department of Neurology，the Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College，Weifang 261031，China；3.Department of Neurology，the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University，Xuzhou 221002，China；Corresponding author：WANG Yanqiang，E-mail：Wangqiangdoctor@126.com

关键词：

卒中；脑缺血；危险因素；预警症状；乡镇居民；菏泽；调查

Keywords：

Stroke；Brain ischemia；Risk factors；Early warning symptoms；Township residents；Heze；Surveys

CLC：

R 743.31

DOI：

DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2020.02.016

Funds：

国家自然科学基金面上项目（81870943）；山东省自然基金联合专项（ZR2018LH006）；潍坊医学院科技扶贫专项（FP1801004）

摘要：

目的　调查菏泽市某乡镇居民对缺血性卒中危险因素、预警症状的知晓情况。方法　2018 年 7—9 月，首先采用便利抽样法选取菏泽市东明县三春集镇 3 个村庄作为调查点，然后采用随机抽样法选取 3 个村庄共 3 163 例居民作为调查对象。自制基本资料调查表、缺血性卒中认识调查表、缺血性卒中救治方法调查表、缺血性卒中预警症状调查表及缺血性卒中危险因素调查表，所有乡镇居民自行填写调查表。结果　（1）本次调查共发放 3 163 份问卷，有效回收率为 100%。3 163 例乡镇居民中共 1 254 例（占 39.65%）主要通过医务人员了解或认识缺血性卒中，但知道缺血性卒中后最佳治疗时间窗为 3~6 h 者仅 136 例（占 4.30%）。（2）3 163 例乡镇居民中认为缺血性卒中后应拨打120 送医院者所占比例最高，为 1 500 例（占 47.42%），其次为叫邻居或村医帮忙 764 例（占 24.15%）。（3）3 163例乡镇居民对缺血性卒中预警症状知晓率最高的为肢体麻木无力和瘫痪，为 1 582 例（占 50.02%），其次为言语不利或听不懂他人讲话 1 254 例（占 39.65%）、面部麻木或口角歪斜或口角流涎 1 118 例（占 35.35%）；3 163 例乡镇居民对缺血性卒中危险因素知晓率最高的为高血压 1 200 例（占 37.94%），其次为吸烟 1 091 例（占 34.49%）、高脂血症 981 例（占 31.01%）。3 163 例乡镇居民知晓 2 或 3 个预警症状者较多，为 1 867 例（占 59.03%），知晓 0 或 1 个预警症状者 954 例（占 30.16%）；知晓 2 或 3 个危险因素者较多，为 2 424 例（占 76.64%），知晓 0 或 1 个危险因素者 336 例（占 10.62%）。结论　菏泽市某乡镇居民对缺血性卒中预警症状、危险因素的知晓率较低，迫切需要提高该乡镇居民对缺血性卒中的认知水平，以有效降低缺血性卒中发生率并最大限度地改善患者预后。

Abstract：

Objective　To investigate the awareness of risk factors and warning symptoms of ischemic stroke inresidents from villages and towns in Heze City. Methods　From July to September 2018，three villages in Sanchunji Town，Dongming County，Heze City were selected as survey spots by convenience sampling method，and then 3，163 residentsin the above three villages were selected as respondents by random sampling method. All of township residents filled in thequestionnaires by themselves，including self-made Questionnaire of Basic Data，Questionnaire of Understanding ofIschemic Stroke，Questionnaire of Treatment Methods after Ischemic Stroke，Questionnaire of Warning Symptoms ofIschemic Stroke and Questionnaire of Risk Factors of Ischemic Stroke. Results　（1）The effective response rate was100%（3，163/3，163）. Of the 3，163 residents，1，254 cases（accounting for 39.65%）knew about ischemic strokemainly through medical staff，but only 136 cases （accounting for 4.30%）knew that the best treatment time window was 3-6hours after ischemic stroke.（2）Of the 3，163 residents，proportion of residents knew about calling "120" to rush tohospital after ischemic stroke was the highest，which was 47.42%（1，500/3，163），followed by calling neighbors or village doctorsto help，which was 24.15%（764 /3，163）.（3）Of the 3，163 residents，awareness rate of limb numbness weakness as wells asparalysis those belong to warning symptoms of ischemic stroke was the highest，which was 50.02%（1，582/3，163），followed byspeech impairment or inability to understand others'speech，which was 39.65%（1，254/3，163），and then facial numbness ordeviated mouth or slobbering，which was 35.35%（1，118/3，163）；awareness rate of hypertension that belongs torisk factors of ischemic stroke was the highest，which was 37.94%（1，200/3，163），followed by smoking，whichwas 34.49%（1，091/3，163），and then hyperlipidaemia，which was 31.01%（981/3，163）.Of the 3，163 residents，1，867 cases（accounting for 59.03%）knew about 2 or 3 warning symptoms，954 cases（accounting for 30.16%）knew about0 or 1 warning symptoms；2，424 cases（accounting for 76.64%）knew about 2 or 3 risk factors，336 cases（accounting for10.62%）knew about 0 or 1 risk factors. Conclusion　The awareness rate of warning symptoms and risk factors of ischemicstroke is relatively low in a township in Heze City，it is urgent to improve the cognitive level of ischemic stroke in this township，in order to effectively reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke and improve the prognosis to the utmost extent.

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